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1 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 general description the l431 is a three-terminal adjustable shunt regulator utilizing an a ccurate 2.5v band-gap reference. the output vo ltage can be set to any value between 2.5v (v ref ) to 29v with two external resistors as shown in the typical application circuit. the device exhibit a wide operating current range of 0.4 to 100 ma with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.25 . the cha- racteristics of these re ference make it exce- llent replacements for zener diodes in many applications such as digital voltmeters, power supplies, and op amp circuitry. the 2.5v volt reference makes it convenient to obtain a stable reference from 5.0v logic supplies. the l431 shunt regulator is available in three voltage tolerances (0.5%, 1.0% and 2%) and three package options (to-92, sot-23-3, sot-23-5 and soic-8). features z internal amplifier with 70 ma capability z programmable output voltage to 29v z 0.25 typical output impedance z pin to pin compatible with tl431, lm431 , sc431 & as431 z trimmed band-gap design 0.5%, 1.0% and 2% with three package options z low cost solution applications z linear regulator controller z precision voltage reference z switching power supplies z battery operating equipment z instrumentation z pcs, computer disk drives symbol & block diagram anode (a) cathod reference - + cathode (k) anode (a) reference (r) 2.5 vref functional block diagram symbol (r) (k)
2 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 absolute maximum ratings parameter value cathode-anode reverse breakdown voltage - v ka 30v anode-cathode forward current - i ak 70 ma reference input current - i ref 10 ma storage temperature range - t stg -65 to +150 c junction temperature - t j 150 c lead temperature (soldering, 10 seconds) - t l 300 c continuous power at 25 c - p d to-92 soic-8 sot-23 700 mw 650 mw 200 mw recommended conditions typical thermal resistances parameter rating package ja jc typ. derating cathode voltage (v ka ) v ref to 29v to-92 160 c/w 80 c/w 6.3 mw/c cathode current (i k ) 10 ma soic-8 175 c/w 45 c/w 5.7 mw/c sot-23 575 c/w 150 c/w 1.7 mw/c electrical specifications (ambient temperature must be derated base on power dissipation and package thermal characterist ics. the conditions are: v ka = v ref and i k = 10 ma unless otherwise stated) parameter test conditions min typ max units test circuit t a = 25 c, l431 (0.5%) 2.482 2.495 2.507 t a = 25 c, l431 (1%) 2.470 2.495 2.520 reference voltage t a = 25 c, l431 (2%) 2.445 2.495 2.550 v 1 ? v ref with temp. 0.07 0.2 mv/c 1 v ref to 10v -2.7 -1.0 ration of change in v ref to cathode voltage 10v to 30v -2.0 -0.4 0.3 mv/v 2 reference input current 0.7 4 a 2 i ref temp. deviation over temp. 0.4 1.2 a 2 min. i k for regulation 0.4 1 ma 1 off state leakage v ref = 0v, v ka = 30v 0.04 250 na 3 dynamic output impedance f 1khz, i k = 1 to 70 ma 0.25 0.5 1
3 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 test circuits in v v ka k i ref i v ref r1 r2 - test circuit 2 - > (v ka v ref ) ref i ) v ka v = - test circuit 1 - ka v ref (v in - test circuit 3 - ka vv in k (off) i (off state current) i k the areas under the curves repr esent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. for curves b, c and d, r 1 and v batt were adjusted to establish the initial v ka and i ka conditions with c l = 0. v batt and c l then were adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. stability boundary condition for shunt regulation vs. cathode current and load capacitance 1 02 3 4 56 cl ik 150 1 2 l431 2 3 1 test circuit for vka = vref 150 l431 2 3 1 10k r2 test circuit for vka > vref ik r1 cl vbatt 1 2
4 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 small-signal gain and phase shift vs. frequency vs. cathode voltage cathode current cathode current vs. cathode voltage vs. junction temperature r z ( ) reference impedance vs. junction temperature ratio of delta reference vo ltage to delta cathode voltage v r e f / v z ( - m v / v ) vz = 3v to 30v 8.25k out ik gnd 15k 1 2 l431 2 3 1 10uf 232 1 2 test circuit for small signal gain and phas e
5 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 vs. junction temperature off-state cathode current vs. junction temperature reference voltage vs. frequency reference impedance reference input current vs. junction temperature
6 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 pin configuration device selection guide device l431nb l431m3b l431vb L431M5B package to-92 sot-23-3 soic-8 sot-23-5 marking l431n 1m3 l431v 1m5a tolerance 1% 1% 1% 1%
7 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 application circuit + 10uf + cout + cin p01n02lm or p3055l l431 or l432 r1 r2 1k 5v or 12v vin vout g d s a k r niko niko vout = (1 + ) vref r2 r1
8 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 to-92 mechanical data mm mm dimension min. typ. max. dimension min. typ. max. a 4.445 5.207 h 2.413 2.540 2.667 b 4.318 5.334 i 0.356 0.533 c 12.7 15.5 j d 0.356 0.533 k e 1.143 1.27 1.397 l f 3.175 4.191 m g 0.762 1.270 n
9 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 sot-23 (m3) mechanical data mm mm dimension min. typ. max. dimension min. typ. max. a 0.95 h 0.10 0.15 0.25 b 2.60 2.80 3.00 i 0.37 c 1.40 1.60 1.80 j d 2.70 2.90 3.10 k e 1.00 1.10 1.30 l f 0.00 0.10 m g 0.35 0.4 0.5 n
10 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 soic-8 (d) mechanical data mm mm dimension min. typ. max. dimension min. typ. max. a 4.8 5.0 h 0.4 1.27 b 3.8 4.0 i 0.18 0.25 c 5.8 6.2 j 0.22 d 0.35 0.48 k 0 8 e 1.27 l f 1.65 m g 0.1 0.25 n
11 2.5v low-voltage adjustable precision shunt regulator niko-sem l431 jan-08-y02 sot-23 (m5) mechanical data mm mm dimension min. typ. max. dimension min. typ. max. a 1.0 1.10 1.30 e 1.90(typ) a1 0.00 0.10 h 2.60 2.80 3.00 a2 0.70 0.80 0.90 l 0.37 b 0.35 0.40 0.50 c 0.10 0.15 0.25 d 2.70 2.90 3.10 e 1.40 1.60 1.80

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